George Orwell and Langston Hughes

George Orwell and Langston HughesGeorge Orwell and Langston HughesBoth George Orwell and Langston Hughes had external and internal pressure in their stories. With their stories snap an elephant and Salvation this paper forget compare and contrast the two authors. This go forth be done by relating the authors stories to Milgrams Experiment, which was a series of social psychology experiments conducted by Yale University psychologist Stanley Milgram, which measured the willingness of study participants to obey an authority figure who instructed them to perform acts that conflicted with their personalized conscience.Perils of Obedience, written by Stanley Milgram shows that a majority of society supports authority figure regardless of their own personal ideals. Milgram says to the reader, For many people, obedience is a deeply deep-seated behavioral tendency, indeed a potent impulse overriding training in ethics, sympathy, and moral conduct (Milgram). Both Orwell and Hughes provide incidents that support Milgrams findings. Orwells story Shooting an Elephant trick be used as an example for Milgrams because Orwell knows he does not earn to shoot the elephant, yet he does it any mien. Throughout the story Orwell is increasingly pressured to cleanup the elephant by the Burmans because the elephant had killed a person. As the story is read one displace start to see the linkion of Milgrams experiment to Orwell shooting the elephant to save his own life. Orwell can see the rage the Burmans have toward the elephant because it killed a person, and knows he must kill the elephant to please the Burmans. In this quote, The people expected it of me and I had got to do it I could get their two thousand wills pressing me forward, irresistibly (LMR 143), One can see to force which is pressed upon him.Hughes shows himself as a little boy at a perform revival where he show are own behavioral tendencies toward obedience. When Hughes is at this revival his has pressure not only to make everyone in church building happy but to also please his aunt by being saved by Jesus. During this time all the adults are going around the church sing different song about being saved so that the children will be saved and as children start to get up he is felling more and more pressure until there is only him Westley. Westley decides to get up and lie just so he could go home. This act gave Hughes a way to be obedient to the church and his aunt. Hughes got up and said he had been saved to so everyone would like him. This story is the perfect example of how a person can have so much pressure that he must be obedient and lie to save himself.Both stories can be said to connect to Milgrams experiment, but only one of the characters could have chosen another way of doing things. While Hughes would no matter what had to have sat up eventually, Orwell did not have to shoot the elephant at all he could have walked away from the whole thing and been fine. Hughes knew that if he did not get up that the church and his aunt would be disappointed. The type of pressure should never be put on a child because they think if they do not do it the way adults want it they will not be loved. Orwell could have been attacked by the burmans but only by shooting his rife in the air would probably get the crowd to disburse.The quandary inherent in submission to authority is ancient, as old as the story of Abraham, and the caput of whether one should obey when commands conflict with conscience has been argued by Plato, dramatized in Antigone, and treated to philosophic analysis in almost every historical epoch(Milgram). With the conflict of obedience so old there is no question as to why George Orwell and Langston Hughes went against their own thoughts and just did what everyone else wanted them to do.Work CitedMilgram, Stanley. The Perils of Obedience. (1974) n. pag. Web. 26 Nov 2009. .

Architecture of the Parthenon

Architecture of the ParthenonThe era that one lives in is very advanced technologically and economically, yet nothing can surpass the creations that the Greeks built. When one thinks about ancient times we visualize uncivilized people who could never accomplish such long things as we have done when in reality it is us that could never accomplish what they did. There are many accomplishments that are associated with Classical Greece, one of the major(ip) ones is the Parthenon. The Parthenon played a key part in helping society discover that the Greeks were incredibly great with precise calculations, had unknown technology to create such buildings, and that this type of building is hard to recreate. The Parthenon set the stage for many buildings to come making it a very influential architectural building.Why was the Parthenon built to set out with? Well the answer isnt as complex as one may think. The Parthenon building served as a religious center where a large statue of the goddes s genus Athene was located. The Parthenon was where the Greeks went to worship the goddess and provide thanks for what they had. The Parthenon had other purposes such as it creation a fortress and a tourist stop. The Parthenon became a symbol of power for the Greeks, along with the sense of power a sense of nationalism increased.The Parthenon was a beautiful building to admire. What this building has showed us is that the Greeks were way ahead of their time accomplishment. In vow to make such a temple, the architects must have ways to calculate very precise numbers and have machinery to place the columns on the building. Not exactly did this type of architecture require extreme precision, it also required of a great sum of money. At the time the predicted cost for a building comparable this was around 1,000 silver talents, which is around $57,600,000. This cost didnt only cover the Parthenon building, it also covered the price for the Athena Parthenos. According to Cartwright, the Parthenon was do beautifully on the outside however the meaningful part of it was the giant statue of Athena inside it. The Athena Parthenos was a huge statue that measured around 11.5 meters tall and was made out of specie and other expensive materials. The statue was worth more that the Parthenon itself.When one looks at the Parthenon one sees straight lines and columns, further the truth is that there is almost no straight lines in the Parthenon. The straight lines that we see are merely an optical illusion made by the architects that designed the Parthenon. The columns that we see on the building have the appearance _or_ semblance to be straight, but in reality if one is to look at the column going from the bottom to the top we would be able to see that the column starts off being narrow and as it reaches the center it grows wider, once it is headed to the top it narrows down again. This same rule applies to all of the columns placed. This type of precision would be dif ficult for this time period to achieve even with all the new technology, imagine how the Greeks must have struggled to build such a thing without having little to none of the technology we had.By having made such an amazing piece of architecture, including many more, it was logical for the Greeks to fell as if they were above every other civilization. They were proud of their culture and of their historical ideas. These types of achievements were what made them believe that their achievements would set the stage for generations to come. As the Greeks presumed, their architectural ideas did set the stage for centuries including our times.The Parthenon is a remarkable piece of architecture that is irreplaceable, not only because of the cost but also due to the fact that even if people now were to remake one, it wouldnt have the same impact as it would have centuries ago. The reason for this is that the Greeks had nothing to unspiritual themselves off of I order to create such a maste rpiece, meanwhile we have their ideas to create our own and access to modern technology. Ancient civilizations may seem like nothing compared to what we have become over the years, but in reality they were incredibly influential in what we have become now and what leave become of us in years to come.Works CitedCartwright, Mark. Parthenon. Ancient floor Encyclopedia, Ancient History Encyclopedia Limited, 28 Oct. 2012, http//www.ancient.eu/parthenon/. Athena Parthenos by Pheidias. Ancient History Encyclopedia, Ancient History Encyclopedia Limited, 25 Jan. 2015, http//www.ancient.eu/article/785/Fehlmann, Marc. As Greek as It Gets British Attempts to Recreate the Parthenon. Rethinking History, vol. 11, no. 3, Sept. 2007, pp. 353-377. EBSCOhost, doi10.1080/13642520701353256.Hadingham, Evan. Unlocking Mysteries of the Parthenon. Smithsonian, Smithsonian Institution, Feb. 2008, http//www.smithsonianmag.com/history/unlocking-mysteries-of-the-parthenon-16621015/Hurwit, Jeffrey M. Beautiful mephistophelean Pandora and the Athena Parthenos. American Journal of Archaeology, vol. 99, no. 2, 1995, pp. 171-186., www.jstor.org/stable/506338.Nova. The Glorious Parthenon. Nova, Corporation for Public Broadcasting, 29 Feb. 2008, http//www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/ancient/glorious-parthenon.htmlThe Acropolis in Athens, Greece. Athens Greece Now, http//athensgreecenow.com/acropolis-athens-greece.phpThe Parthenon. Ancient-Greece, Ancient-Greece.org, http//ancient-greece.org/architecture/parthenon.htmlTomlinson, Richard A. Review condition The Acropolis and the Parthenon Perils and Progress? American Journal of Archaeology, vol. 100, no. 3, 1996, pp. 601-604., www.jstor.org/stable/507030.

Sita as the Hidden Hero of Ramayana Essay -- Ramayana Essays

Sita as the Hidden Hero of Ramayana Valmikis Ramayana was written around 300 B.C.E. (Carrier 207). Typically, the spirit of Rama is seen as the chock and the character of Sita is seen as the heros wife. In this essay, I will compare Sitas journey of capture and inner growth with the save the kingdom journey of Rama, show how the 2 correlate, and eventually connect in the influential chastity scene. I will also prove that Sita is the hidden hero of this epic even though she is seen as taking a secondary role to Rama and show how this reflects womens secondary roles in society today. To begin our comparisons, we must first look at each character and recognize their separate journeys. Through summarization of the characters and their story, we will begin to see Ramas role and Sitas role. By this process, I will demonstrate how they correlate, differ and combine to wee the Ramayana. Rama, the hero of the Ramayana, is a god known as Vishnu who has been reincarnated and sent to eart h in mortal form. Rama must take an archetypal journey known as the quest. During the quest, a hero must conquer obstacles to save the kingdom (Guerin et.al.154). Ramas obstacle is Ravana, an evil monster who is slowly taking over heaven and earth. Because Ravana never asked for auspices from a human being, he can only be destroyed by a human being and this makes Ramas need for success especially significant (Narayan 5). a the beginning of the narrative, Rama is forced into exile from his kingdom into the forest for 14 years. This exile begins his quest. Sita, Ramas wife, is reincarnation of the goddess Lakshmi, Vishnus spouse in heaven. Sita accompanies Rama into the forest on his quest and is captured by Ravana. Th... ...of society. If women want to take control of their own lives and are tired of provingthemsleves to others, they must first find a voice and then act upon their convictions, otherwise these sex roles will never change. Works Cited Carrier, Warren, ed. Guide t o World Literature. Illinois National Council of Teachers of English, 1980. Guerin, Wilfred L., et.al. A Handbook of Critical Approaches to Literature. newly York Oxford University Press, 1992. OFlaherty, Wendy Doniger. Hindu Myths. London Penguin Books, 1975. Singh, Khushwant. India an Introduction. New Delhi Vision Books, 1990. Valmiki. The Ramayana. Trans. Aubrey Menen. New York Charles Scribers Sons, 1954. ---. The Ramayana. Trans. R.K. Narayan. New York Penguin Books, 1972. ---. The Ramayana. Trans. Elizabeth Seeger. New York William R. Scott, Inc., 1969.

Essay --

1/9/14Henry Graham Greene was an influential 20th century author who was able to combine serious literary recognition with present day popularity whose collections impact the modern world today. Greene is notorious for religious studies and involved in making changes to the literary world, enabling readers to further seek theological concerns. Leaving an imprint on literature, many study his works and still celebrate his legacy all over the world. Rebelling against his own beliefs and suffering with bipolar disorder , many aspects of Greenes life remain unrecognized which encour periods many to study his impact on the present day.Native to Berkhamsted, England, Greene was born October 2, 1904 to parents Charles and Marion Raymond Greene, who were first cousins. Greene grew up in the St. Johns House, a boarding school where his father was the housemaster. Accustomed to a large family, Greene spent his childhood summers with his uncle at the Harston House, another boarding school, whe re he learned to read. As a boarder at the St. Johns House, Greene was bullied and spent years in depression with several attempts of suicide. At the age of 16, Greene was sent for psychotherapy in London, later returning to his former home to continue as a day student. Beginning his first year at Oxford University, Greene became a member of the Communist party. Although leaving this party quickly, Greene wrote profiles on Ho Chi Minh and Fidel Castro to relay his studies (Coleman 529). A rough period in his life further Greene to seek religious outlets that influenced his works as did his political affiliations. In 1926, greene converted from Anglicanism to Roman Catholicism. The reasoning for this transformation was to seek cure to the sufferin... ...ligion and social ideologies. Recently, a nonsubjective further exploring Greenes early life and career was released drawing attention to his change to writing. Greenes novels, poems, and plays are still being produced into films a nd performed in theaters across the globe. for each one year, Graham Greene is recognized at the Graham Greene International Festival held in Berkhamsted on his birthday, October 2, to further promote his studies and gather fans to plow. Modest about his literature and a confusing character to understand, Greene left the impression among many that his career was merely a sign from his youth to express what he knew, and what he could explore and discuss with others My two fingers on a typewriter have never connected with my brain. My hand on a pen does. A fountain pen, of course. Ball-point pens are only beloved for filling out forms on a plane.

Theory of Sign Essay -- Communication, Signs

To understand how sign functions, semiosis, Morris proposes four elements Sign vehicle (S), Designatum (D), and Interpretant and interpreter (I). The mediators are sign vehicles the taking- broadsheet-of are interpretants the agents of the process are interpreters what is taken account of are designata (Morris, 19). Those elements of semiosis become the foundation of branches of linguistics and basic elements of language. The branches of linguistics are semantics is the study of sign in its coincidence to designatum, pragmatics the study of sign in relation to interpreter, and syntactics the study of sign in relation to other signs. Since language, according to Morris, is a system of interconnected signs, a language must consist of the four elements as he implies in his formula L= Lsyn + Lsem + Lp (see Morris, 25). However, we might observe that Morriss definition of language apparently falls into the category of syntactical element. Another protestation might be is that by extend ing the four semiosis elements into linguistics and language, Morriss definition of sign will be problematic since all objects that are symbolically and linguistically associated with other objects are defined as signs. Therefore one might observe the discrepancy of his definition of sign with examples that he proposes as Lesse demonstrates (see article). Since this paper is aimed at demonstrating my understanding on Morris theory of sign, I will describe the problematic aspects of Morriss arguments if they becomes obstacles for me understand his theory. Morris argues that the object of semiotic does not deal with particular object, notwithstanding association of four of them, therefore sign is characterized as S is a sign of D for I to the degree that I take... ...tures of particular objects that universal signs call to -- as a formalist-behaviorist, Morris is unconcerned with mental images since they do not emerge in the relational properties of sign. Describing signs function s in semantic context and universal sign in syntactical context. In contrast, indexical signs are located in syntax unless we understand that to be meaningful the act of directionality must contain an object, so they are in the realm of semantics. All syntactical relations of signs are subjected to rules. Morris proposes two rules formation and transformation. Formation rules govern formation of kernel sentences, and transformation rules derivative sentences (Morris, 29). Based on the syntactical rules, Morris suggests the object of syntax is syntactical relations between signs the relations determined by syntactical rules (Morris, 29).

Analysis of Buried Child by Sam Shepard Essay -- Buried Child Sam Shep

Analysis of interred Child by Sam Shepard Sam Shepard has endlessly written plays that have numerous illusions to frustrate the reader. Shepard has excessively been known for several twists in his plays, and also makes the reader believe in something that is not real. Born in 1943, Shepard always enjoyed Theatre and Playwriting. Now, nearly 60 years of age, Shepard is one of the most famous playwrights in America. In Shepards Buried Child, there are many another(prenominal) twists and turns that have the reader wondering and wanting more. Buried Child can be similar to classic plays such as Oedipus Rex, where Shepard includes the theme of incest. He has also included many symbolic objects and Native American symbols of renewal with the large quantity of vegetables in the back meter of the familys house. There are seven main characters in this play, the majority belonging to one family. The first impression seems like the family in the play are a normal Middle Ameri can family. deflects one-track alcoholic mind, Halies irritating personality, and Tildens distant relationship with his father seems fairly typical of an elderly family however, this is far from the truth. The play begins with bilk, who is in his seventies, may not have overmuch longer to live. He has an unhealthy cough, which gives the thought that he is extremely ill. In the play, Shepard is pointing emerge that Dodge is not only sick physically, but also mentally. His criminal cough seems to show the progression of his illness throughout the play. The introduction of Tilden, Dodges son, is quite unusual he enters the house with an armful of corn and drops it in lie of his father. The significance of this action go out be noticed further into the play. When Tilden brings the corn in from the backyard, his father looks at him and tells him to give the corn back, thinking he has stolen it. Dodge snaps, I havent planted corn back there since 1935, so take that damn c orn back form where ever you got it. Yet, Tilden argues that the entire back yard is filled with tall stalks of corn, carrots and potatoes. Tilden is a young man living with his parents after getting in trouble in New Mexico. Halie, Tildens mother and Dodges wife, is abnormally protective of Tilden, which he is not allowed to do or say anything without the permission of Dodge or herself. Halie is constantly worrying about Ti... ...the family, and will hopefully lead them in a positive direction. The ending of this play comes to the conclusion that this family can never be a normal Middle American family. This family is at a loss, and will probably never see life the way that they have before. I believe the message Shepard is trying to reach out to the reader is that secrets and dishonesty can tear a family apart and make them go insane. Unfortunately for this play, the terrible secret was exposed too late.Shepard created an ending which the ball could appreciate its simplicit y yet complications. Buried Child explores the inner tensions of a rural existence, father-son relationships, and the place women hold in an ambiguous domestic atmosphere. Simply poetic, humorous, and mysterious, Buried Child is a vision of a troublesome family transformed into a symbol of Americas loss of innocence. This play made Shepard a Pulitzer Prize winner in 1979, and is very much earned.Bibliography Jacobus, Lee A. 1994. The Bedford Introduction to Drama--Third edition. Microphil Publications.American Repertory Theatre. Past Productions Buried Child. Dec. 96 http//www.amrep.org/past/buried/buried.html