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2012 Miss. Laxmi / Miss. Dineshika Batch no 169 mho two week 12/25/2012 2012 Miss. Laxmi / Miss. Dineshika Batch no 169 2nd two week 12/25/2012 A Fersharble twenty-four hour period with tourists A Fersharble day with tourists The groovy father of Cambridge slope College It is you who inspires us It is you who gives us courage You ar the set down in our life So this is a sm either tri entirelye for your Great ein truthw presenthaul Thank you * To speak in slope fo triumphers to boost up our slope delivery and pronunciation * To build up our association with them * To improve group abilities * To hit the books how to touch and associate with them * To force of their opinionWe want to interpret a universal language as we step into. A real globe so t here(predicate) is no all other language us cockeyed us English. The Cambridge English College is taking a qreat efford to teach English in a period when its necessary to learn English as a second language. This book is prep bed with regard to an exploring knowlight-emitting diodege domain trip which was organized with the In cristaltion of alter scholarly per watchwords knowledge in the college we would corresponding to thank and pay our respect to all teachers who was led by making love principal sir as well as we would like to thank organizing committee and our program mates who worked hard to prepargon this book. . What is your shake off-to doe with ? Judith b. Where atomic number 18 you from ? Spain c. wherefore stir you move into to Sri Lanka ? /what is the object of your run across ? To visit d. With whom hold back you acclaim ? totally if e. What kind of a climate do you digest in your country? Very dispassionate ( self-possessed and importunate) f. What are the main languages and what is the standard of English ? Spanish g. What is your career? restaurant h. How long do you stay here and how some places wear you visited ? 25 days,12 places i. What do you mobili ze most the hospitality of the Sri Lanka flock ? perfect j. How do you oppose your culture ? unalike k.How is the parsimoniousness in your country? They have man person but we have paltry person a. What is your nonplus upon ? Elisabeth b. Where are you from ? Australia c. Why have you seed to Sri Lanka ? /what is the purpose of your visit ? Holiday d. With whom have you come ? Alone e. What kind of a climate do you have in your country? Cool, hot and summer f. What are the main languages and what is the standard of English ? English g. What is your career? woman of the house h. How long do you stay here and how many places have you visited ? 2 Months i. What do you think close to the hospitality of the Sri Lanka people ? very nice j.How do you compare your culture ? Very Different k. How is the saving in your country? a. What is your make up ? Aude b. Where are you from ? France c. Why have you come to Sri Lanka ? /what is the purpose of your visit ? To visit d. With whom have you come ? Friends e. What kind of a climate do you have in your country? cool f. What are the main languages and what is the standard of English ? France g. What is your career? Sell books h. How long do you stay here and how many places have you visited ? 9 days, Negambo only i. What do you think ab come to the fore the hospitality of the Sri Lanka people ? penny-pinching j.How do you compare your culture ? Different k. How is the parsimony in your country? . a. a. What is your crap ? Antonio,Monshow,Mogal b. Where are you from ? Spain c. Why have you come to Sri Lanka ? /what is the purpose of your visit ? Holidays d. With whom have you come ? Friends e. What kind of a climate do you have in your country? cool f. What are the main languages and what is the standard of English ? Spanish g. What is your career? supermarket h. How long do you stay here and how many places have you visited ? 9 days,7places i. What do you think about the hospitality of the Sri Lanka peopl e ? ery well j. How do you compare your culture ? Different k. How is the economy in your country? . . .. Miss. Gayathri Gunathilaka Miss. Gayathri Gunathilaka . ignature signature .. The register of the princely botanic tends dates as far-off back as 1371 when faggot Wickramabahu triplet ascended the throne and kept court at P datedeniya near Mahaweli Ganga. Later, in the reign of ability Kirti Sri Rajasinghe from 1747 to 1780 this was do a lofty tend and from 1780 1798 female monarch Rajadhi Rajasinghe resided therein, where a temporary manor hall was erected for him. A vihare and dagoba were construct in the reign of King Wimala Dharma which was alter by King Rajadhi Rajasinghe.The vihare and dagoba were destroyed by the English when they sedulous Kandy. The famous historical battle of Gannoruwa betwixt Rajasinghe II and the Portuguese was fought on the Federal side of the river. A priest resided here till the gardens were formed by Mr. Alexandar bootleg in 1821 six days subsequently the final conquest of the Kandyan Kingdom. In 1810 nether the advice of Sir Joseph Banks a garden named Kew was opened in Slave Island and Mr. William Kerr was appointed as its super.In 1813 the garden was moved to Kalutara for the reception of economic vegetations which could be cultivated there on a monstrousr scale than was possible at Slave Island. Kerr died in 1814 and under the design of his successor Mr. Alexander moon this tend was finally moved to Peradeniya in 1821 as it was found to be favourable and go bad adapted for the proposed botanic founding. The transfer of aliens from the Kalutara Garden was do by successive Superintendents at least up to 1843.During Moons superintendence the opening of the magnificent botanic Gardens, Peradeniya, screw be said to have commenced though at root only the South West portion of the Gardens was unclouded and opened and it was mostly set with cinnamon and coffee. Moon published his Cat alogue of Ceylon Plants in 1824 in which was given the botanic and native-born name of 1,127 dos, indigenous to the island. After the involvement of Mr. George Gardner in 1844 the institution started upon its more vigorous independent and useful existence that it has since maintained.Only 40 acres of the 147 acres were in farming when Gardner took charge and the chief use made of the land was to grow jak, coconuts and vegetables for sale by the G everyplacenment Agent in Kandy. Gardner establish many of the essence(p) improvements in the tick off of the Gardens but his chief work was the geographic expedition of the country for the collection and preparation of its flora. He died at Nuwara Eliya in 1849 and was succeeded by Dr. Thwaites who for over 30 years maintained the Gardens in a high state of efficiency, added mostly to our knowledge of the flora of the Colony and gave the establishment its world- gigantic reputation.Thwaites was succeeded by Dr. Henry Trimen, un der whose get hold and capable management the beauty and service of the Gardens were very considerably advanced. He established the Museum of Economic Botany, opened branch Gardens at Badulla and Anuradhapura and began the publication of his work, The Flora of Ceylon which however was borderinate by Sir Joseph D. Hooker later Trimens death in 1896. In 1896 Trimen was succeeded by Dr. J. C. Willis and from that date a new book of facts of scientific work took place.In the un measurely years work was mainly directed towards the presentment and acclimatization of useful and ornamental plants but in later years activities developed towards Economic botany and Agriculture and led to the development of the section of Agriculture in 1912. Mr. H. F. Macmillan who was appointed conservator in 1895, was made the Superintendent of botanical Gardens in 1912 and Mr. T. H. Parsons the Curator in 1914. During Macmillans superintendence the Gardens were change and extended and his mass ive work A Hand Book of equatorial place and Gardening was published.Macmillan retired in 1925 and Mr. T. H. Parsons continued as Curator till 1945. Mr. D. M. A. Jayaweera who was appointed as the Superintendent in 1945 contributed a messiness to our knowledge on medicinal plants and orchids of Sri Lanka. Mr. D. T. Ekanayake who became the Superintendent in 1971 pioneered the floriculture in Sri Lanka. Mr. D. B. Sumithraarachchi, as the theater director National Botanic Gardens improved the condition of the botanic gardens tremendously and conducted many useful taxonomic works until sledding the gardens in 1998.Dr. D. S. A. Wijesundara assumed duties as Director in December 1998 and served the gardens in that cogency until August 2006. In August 2006 the Department of National Botanic Gardens was established and Dr. Wijesundara was appointed as the Director customary. Today, the responsibilities of imperial Botanic Gardens include the management and development of Garden att ached to the Kandy Official residency of His excellence the President and the maintenance of religious and quaint channelises.The location of the finest of its kind in Asia Peradeniya Royal Botanical Gardens, the finest of its kind in Asia, the largest of the botanical gardens of Sri Lanka, couldnt be better located. In the Mediterranean climate ofKandy, the gateway to theCentral Highlands, the Gardens, at an elevation of 500 meters above sea-level, were tightly bounded on three sides by a loop of River Mahaweli (Great sandy river), the largest river of Sri Lanka.The township of Peradeniya is located at a space of 110km from capital of Sri Lanka and another 6km over the Peradeniya Birdge and you are atKandy, home to the sacredtabernacle of Tooth. Peradeniya, the name Peradeniya is believed to take its exotic name from Sinhalese names Pera (guava) and Deniya (a plain). The name besides reveals, although Guava is not indigenous to Sri Lanka, interpolation of the payoff to the is land and cultivation had occurred even previous to the era of British Colonialists in Ceylon.The official establishment of Peradeniya Botanical Gardens during the colonial era It was British colonialist rulers (1815-1948) of Ceylon, who destroyed the invaluable tone ski binding of a thousand rushy hills from Kandy toBadullaof Central Highlands of Ceylon that was protected by the grim sway of Buddhism, which indoctrinated the respect for all lively beingnesss. The wooded hills were converted to hill after hill of Ceylon Coffee and following the devastating coffee rust (a leaf molest Hemileia vastratrix) in 1869 to seamless hill plantations ofCeylon Tea.The very same British Colonialist rulers of Ceylon established the Peradeniya Botanic Gardens that contribute, today, towards the enlightenment of c formerlypts of floriculture conservation, birdlife conservation, butterfly conservation, biodiversity and sustainability of the island of Sri Lanka 5% of the school children of Sri Lanka visit the Peradeniya gardens every year. The phytology The vegetation is purely tropical, being characterized by an abundance of climbing plants or lianas, palms, bamboos, screw pine or screw-pines, epiphytes (orchids, ferns etc. , and lofty guides, the latter(prenominal) often having buttressinges roots. The leaves are generally large, midst and leathery the flowers usually brilliant and capacious in size, and the fruits often of immense proportions and borne on the trunks of trees or older branches. H. F. Macmillan, F. L. S, F. R. H. S. 1906 (Curator) 4000 label species of flora at Peradeniya Botanical Gardens A signboard at the entrance, with a map, blow a depended circuit from 1-30. The corresponding poesy are placed at strategic points on the route, black on a yellow backg just about. 0 ha (150 acres) gardens, where you can easily stroll around a whole day, are stuffed with a bewildering var. of local & foreign tree & plant species. There are around ten thousand plants & trees inclusive of 4000 labeled species. angiotensin-converting enzyme of the most interesting sites here is bizarre- examineing ophidian creeper, whose tangled aerial roots look just like a sinuous knot of vipers. chief(prenominal) entrance, River Drive and thoroughfares Main entrance opens up the River Drive which takes you dead on target down to the great ring and wherefore on to the suspension bridge over the River Mahaweli.River drive branches off to a number of avenues Double coconut meatnut Avenue, Cooks Pine Avenue, Royal ornament Avenue, Palmyrah Palm Avenue and carbohydrate Palm Avenue The spice garden, orchid house The spice garden to the remunerate of entrance is replete with exotic spices. Cardamom, Coves, zest & Vanilla. We follow the path to the right, right into the orchidaceous plant House with an outstanding collection. The great circle and memorial trees The great circle is a grassy central area of around 4 acres in extent. some the circl e is a diverse roam of trees lay by dignitaries, who had visited the Peradeniya Royal Botanical Gardens.A Flamboyante of Madagascar (Poinciana regia), position by Princess Henry of Prussia in 1899 a Bo (Peepal) tree (Fiscus religiosa), planted in 1875 by King Edward VII a Na tree, or Ceylon Ironweed (Mesua ferrea), planted in 1891 by Czar of Russia Brownea grandiceps tree planted by the King of Greece in 1891 Amherstia nobilis, planted by Prince Henry of Prussia in 1898Asoka tree (Saraca indica) planted by emperor butterfly of Austria in 1893 Cannonball tree (Couroupita guianensis), planted by the Prince of Wales in 1901. Alongside enerations of European royalty, there are trees planted by Indira Gandhi, past Prime Minister of India Yuri Gagarin, the first man to circle the orbit of earth, thereby cracking the door to space call up Tito, the man who rebuilt Yugoslavia devastated in the Second orbit War U Thant, the Secretary-General of the unite Nations during the ten from 1961 to 1971 & Supermac Maurice Harold Macmillan, 1st Earl of Stockton, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom during the period of 1957 to 1963. Between the great circle & the great lawn is the Herbarium.Then there is an arboretum. Lawns, pavilions, sandwiches & a cup of tea There are extensive well-kept lawns, pavilions, an Octagon Conservatory, fernery, banks of Burmese, Chinese & Nipponese bamboos & numerous flower borders with cannas, hibiscus, chrysanthemums, croton & non-white bougainvillaea. You will see unusual exotic species, especially palms (Palmyra, talipot, royal, cabbage) &Ficus elastica(latex-bearing fig or Indian rubber tree with buttress roots), an amazing avenue of drunken feel pines & some magnificent old specimen trees.Then there are Ebony collection, Fiscus collection, Cycad Collection, tiptop garden, Medicinal Garden, Cactus house and Plant house. internal pavilion Grown from a sapling brought from easterly Indies, huge Javan fig tree covering 1600 sq. met ers of the lawn, with its sprawling roots & branches parent a remarkable natural pavilion. The tweet Palm Avenue The Cabbage Palm Avenue from the South America was planted in 1905. Walking along the statuesque avenue of Royal Palms (1885) we find fruit bats in large colonies interruption in the trees. Oh Yes, true to their style, upside down.Cannonball avenue Cannonball Avenue is lined with picturesque cannonball trees, wreathed in creepers from which hang the large, round fruits. These Sal trees are loved by the Sinhalese. The flowers have a singular shape a piddling stupa shaped bud in the centre is shaded by a cobra like hood & surrounded by tiny florettes which resemble a crowd of worshipers. It is believedPrince Siddhartha(who was to bugger off Gautama Buddha) was born in a putting surface of Sal trees calledLumbini, near the Sakyan kingdom ofKapilavastuin then north India, now the southern vicinity of Nepal.Talipot palms Talipot palms (Corypha umbraculifera) are the easiest to identify with its terrible leaves. The talipot palm is one of Sri Lankas botanical celebrities, an arboreal oddity which flowers just once in its lifetime, after about twoscore years, producing thelargest cluster of flowers in the world. In Kandyan multiplication the enormous leaves come toing a crown of 10 m were used to make tents by sewing a duplicate of leaves together. virtuoso single Leaf being so broad & large, that it will cover some fifteen or twenty men, & keep them dry when it rains wroteRobert Knox.Talpot leaves were utilized to produce fine ultra long long-lasting solidparchmentscalled Ola, in Sri Lanka & India as early as in 500 BC. junior talipot leaves were boiled, dried in the sun, unfastened to dew & smoothed & stretched. The treated leaves were then engrave with writing using steel stylus to cut in the characters. Then the inscribed leaf was smeared with ink made out of a resin blended with very well powdered charcoal. The great chronicle of Sri Lanka (Mahawamsa) & all other ancient books were written on these treated, cut & loosely bound talipot palm-leaf parchments. Artificial lakeIn the centre of the Gardens is an artificial lake with pissing plants including the freak water lily & papyrus reeds. Beside the lake is a white-domed rotunda commemorates George Gardener, the Superintendent of the place during 1844-1849. Coco de Mer or Double cocoanut Palm One of the rarest plants in the world, Coco de Mer (Lodoicea sechellarum) is on a path leading to this monument of Gardner. This plant has thelargest & heaviest fruit or nutin the plant kingdom, weighing an average some10 20 kg. They take between five to cardinal years to mature & are surprisingly productive.It is not unusual to have 20 nuts on a tree. They are all care experty numbered. Native Coco de Mer are only found in Praslin, an island in theSeychelles. Strolling along the path we reach lily tank which is surrounded by giant bamboo, some 40m tall that grows 2-3 cm a day. Suspension yoke Suspension Bridge across the River Mahaweli takes us to theSchool of Tropical Agricultureat Gannoruwa hill, where research is carried out into various important spices & medicinal herbs as well as into tea, coffee, coca, rubber, coconuts & varieties of rice & other cash crops.Peradeniya campus exactly across the main road from the gardens is Peradeniya campus ofSri Lanka University(1942), built in the old Kandyan style in an impressive setting of a large park with the River Mahaweli running through it & the skirt hillocks. The History of Peradeniya Royal Botanical parkland The history of the park wouldnt take a backseat to its geography, terrain or vegetation. Conceived originally in 1371 as the Queens pleasure garden, it was developed byKing Kirti Sri Rajasinhe(1747-1778) where royal visitors were entertained.It was converted into Botanical Gardens in 1821, by the British during the deputy governorship of General Sir Edward Barnes, six years after reach of the last King of Sri Lanka. Alexander Moon, the plant scientist Alexander Moon, a diligent student of the Ceylon flora was appointed the superintendent of the Peradeniya Royal Botanical Gardens. In the year 1824, Mr. Moon published a Catalogue of Ceylon Plants with the exposition of 1,127 plates referring to same by native names as well as botanical names.Sri Lankas first tea trees were planted here at Peradeniya Gardens in 1824, though the full commercial potential wasnt to be agnise for another half a century. both efflorescence imported crops Coffee, Tea, Nutmeg, refuge & chinchona were tested in Peradeniya Royal Botanic Gardens. That was during the enterprising governorship (1824-1831) ofSir Edward Barnes. Imported crops, Tea & Rubber together with the local crop of Coconut became mainstay of the economy of the island in the time to come.After the death of Mr. Alexander Moon, a chronological sequence of superintendents followed. George Gardner, the famous travel er botanist In 1844, an aptly named Scotsman was appointed the Superintendent of Peradeniya Royal Botanical Gardens Mr. George Gardner (born in1809 or 1812), a son of a gardener to 5th Earl of Dunmore. Mr. Gardeners plant had already well surpassed the carry of his name his expeditionary account of Catalogue of brazil nutian plantsnumbered a collection of enormous 6100 plants.Gardener smooth the specimens during his four years of explorations in Brazil & was responsible for importing Rubber as well as cinchona bark to Ceylon. twain of these imports have been blessings to the island Rubber becoming a prime export & bark of Cinchona tree producing anti malaria drug Quinine. Mr. Gardner, with great industry, launched upon the development of Peradeniya Gardens till his tragic death in 1849 with a fit of accident at the Rest House of Nuwara Eliya, the prime sanatorium of the colonialists in the Central Highlands of Ceylon.His improper death left hand his work towards a Ceylon Flor a incomplete. Gardner Monument was erected at the park to his memory. Dr. Thawaitss 30 years of unbroken unselfish service to the Peradeniya Royal Botanical Gardens Gardner was succeeded by a man who wouldnt be his second best Dr. Thwaites. Dr Thwaitss term of service extended over xxx unbroken years, during which he never left the Island of Ceylon. A devoted student of the acquisition of Botany, Dr. Thwaites is credited with bringing world wide recognition to the Peradeniya Botanic Gardens.He retired in 1880, and died in Kandy in 1882. While their fellow Englishmen were concern game hunting, killing thousands of elephants, killing mammals and birds, those renowned botanists of Ceylon at the Perdenaiya Royal Botanical Gardens, contributed with their energetic work towards enlightening their follow colonialists with the tax in conservation of biodiversity and floriculture of our Sri Lanka Holidays. The fetch up The End Miss. Dineshika Miss. Dineshika Miss. Laxmi Miss. Laxmi M iss. Gayathri Miss. Gayathri * strike - ShahanFrom - Mawathagama, Kurunegala * squall - Madusha From - Kolonnawa, capital of Sri Lanka * arouse - Vihanga From - Nathtandiya, Chilaw * propose - Chanaka From - Narammala, Kurunegala * Name - Sahan From - Eheliyagoda, Awissawella * Name - Bandula From - Mirigama, Minuwagoda * Name - Chaturika From - Ruwanwella, Awissawella * Name - Saroja From - Haguranketa, Kandy * Name - Sadaruwan From - Digana, Kandy * Name - Vipula Thero From - Gampola, Kandy * Name - Chandaratana thero From -Wellawaya, Monaragala * Name - ShahanFrom - Mawathagama, Kurunegala * Name - Madusha From - Kolonnawa, Colombo * Name - Vihanga From - Nathtandiya, Chilaw * Name - Chanaka From - Narammala, Kurunegala * Name - Sahan From - Eheliyagoda, Awissawella * Name - Bandula From - Mirigama, Minuwagoda * Name - Chaturika From - Ruwanwella, Awissawella * Name - Saroja From - Haguranketa, Kandy * Name - Sadaruwan From - Digana, Kandy * Name - Vipula Thero From - Gampola , Kandy * Name - Chandaratana thero From -Wellawaya, Monaragala